/*
    * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: none
    * SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0
    */
   
   package dev.metaschema.core.metapath;
   
   import java.io.IOException;
   import java.io.UncheckedIOException;
  import java.net.URI;
  import java.time.Clock;
  import java.time.Duration;
  import java.time.LocalDateTime;
  import java.time.ZoneId;
  import java.time.ZoneOffset;
  import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
  import java.util.ArrayDeque;
  import java.util.Collections;
  import java.util.Deque;
  import java.util.Map;
  import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
  import java.util.stream.Collectors;
  
  import dev.metaschema.core.configuration.DefaultConfiguration;
  import dev.metaschema.core.configuration.IConfiguration;
  import dev.metaschema.core.configuration.IMutableConfiguration;
  import dev.metaschema.core.metapath.function.CalledContext;
  import dev.metaschema.core.metapath.function.DateTimeFunctionException;
  import dev.metaschema.core.metapath.function.IFunction;
  import dev.metaschema.core.metapath.function.IFunction.FunctionProperty;
  import dev.metaschema.core.metapath.item.ISequence;
  import dev.metaschema.core.metapath.item.atomic.IDayTimeDurationItem;
  import dev.metaschema.core.metapath.item.node.IDocumentNodeItem;
  import dev.metaschema.core.model.IUriResolver;
  import dev.metaschema.core.qname.IEnhancedQName;
  import dev.metaschema.core.util.ObjectUtils;
  import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.annotations.NonNull;
  import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.annotations.Nullable;
  
  // TODO: add support for in-scope namespaces
  /**
   * The implementation of a Metapath
   * <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/xpath-31/#eval_context">dynamic context</a>.
   */
  public class DynamicContext {
  
    @NonNull
    private final Map<Integer, ISequence<?>> letVariableMap;
    @NonNull
    private final SharedState sharedState;
    @Nullable
    private final FocusContext focusContext;
    @NonNull
    private final Deque<IExpression> executionStack;
  
    /**
     * Construct a new dynamic context with a default static context.
     */
    public DynamicContext() {
      this(StaticContext.instance());
    }
  
    /**
     * Construct a new Metapath dynamic context using the provided static context.
     *
     * @param staticContext
     *          the Metapath static context
     */
    public DynamicContext(@NonNull StaticContext staticContext) {
      this.letVariableMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
      this.sharedState = new SharedState(staticContext);
      this.focusContext = null;
      this.executionStack = new ArrayDeque<>();
    }
  
    private DynamicContext(@NonNull DynamicContext context) {
      this(context, context.focusContext);
    }
  
    private DynamicContext(@NonNull DynamicContext context, @Nullable FocusContext focusContext) {
      this.letVariableMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(context.letVariableMap);
      this.sharedState = context.sharedState;
      this.focusContext = focusContext;
      // Copy parent's stack so error traces show full call chain
      this.executionStack = new ArrayDeque<>(context.executionStack);
    }
  
    private static class SharedState {
      @NonNull
      private final StaticContext staticContext;
      @NonNull
      private final ZonedDateTime currentDateTime;
      @NonNull
      private final Map<URI, IDocumentNodeItem> availableDocuments;
      @NonNull
      private final Map<CalledContext, ISequence<?>> functionResultCache;
      @Nullable
      private CachingLoader documentLoader;
      @NonNull
     private final IMutableConfiguration<MetapathEvaluationFeature<?>> configuration;
     @NonNull
     private ZoneId implicitTimeZone;
 
     public SharedState(@NonNull StaticContext staticContext) {
       this.staticContext = staticContext;
 
       Clock clock = Clock.systemDefaultZone();
 
       this.implicitTimeZone = ObjectUtils.notNull(clock.getZone());
 
       this.currentDateTime = ObjectUtils.notNull(ZonedDateTime.now(clock));
       this.availableDocuments = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
       this.functionResultCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
       this.configuration = new DefaultConfiguration<>();
       this.configuration.enableFeature(MetapathEvaluationFeature.METAPATH_EVALUATE_PREDICATES);
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * Generate a new dynamic context that is a copy of this dynamic context.
    * <p>
    * This method can be used to create a new sub-context where changes can be made
    * without affecting this context. This is useful for setting information that
    * is only used in a limited evaluation sub-scope, such as for handling variable
    * assignment.
    * <p>
    * The focus context from this context is preserved in the new sub-context,
    * allowing nested expressions to access the enclosing focus (e.g., for
    * {@code position()} and {@code last()} calls within variable binding scopes).
    *
    * @return a new dynamic context
    */
   @NonNull
   public DynamicContext subContext() {
     return new DynamicContext(this);
   }
 
   /**
    * Generate a new dynamic context with the specified focus context.
    * <p>
    * This method is used by predicate expressions to establish a new focus for
    * evaluating predicates. The focus context provides the information needed by
    * {@code fn:position()} and {@code fn:last()}.
    *
    * @param focusContext
    *          the focus context for the new sub-context
    * @return a new dynamic context with the specified focus context
    */
   @NonNull
   public DynamicContext subContext(@NonNull FocusContext focusContext) {
     return new DynamicContext(this, focusContext);
   }
 
   /**
    * Get the focus context for this dynamic context.
    * <p>
    * The focus context contains the context item, position, and size as defined in
    * the <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/xpath-31/#eval_context">XPath 3.1
    * evaluation context</a>.
    *
    * @return the focus context, or {@code null} if no focus context is established
    */
   @Nullable
   public FocusContext getFocusContext() {
     return focusContext;
   }
 
   /**
    * Get the static context associated with this dynamic context.
    *
    * @return the associated static context
    */
   @NonNull
   public StaticContext getStaticContext() {
     return sharedState.staticContext;
   }
 
   /**
    * Get the default time zone used for evaluation.
    *
    * @return the time zone identifier object
    */
   @NonNull
   public ZoneId getImplicitTimeZone() {
     return sharedState.implicitTimeZone;
   }
 
   /**
    * Get the default time zone used for evaluation.
    *
    * @return the time zone identifier object
    */
   @NonNull
   public IDayTimeDurationItem getImplicitTimeZoneAsDayTimeDuration() {
     LocalDateTime referenceDateTime = MetapathConstants.REFERENCE_DATE_TIME.asLocalDateTime();
     ZonedDateTime reference = referenceDateTime.atZone(getImplicitTimeZone());
     ZonedDateTime referenceZ = referenceDateTime.atZone(ZoneOffset.UTC);
 
     return IDayTimeDurationItem.valueOf(ObjectUtils.notNull(
         Duration.between(
             reference,
             referenceZ)));
   }
 
   /**
    * Set the implicit timezone to the provided value.
    * <p>
    * Note: This value should only be adjusted when the context is first created.
    * Once the context is used, this value is expected to be stable.
    *
    * @param timezone
    *          the timezone to use
    */
   public void setImplicitTimeZone(@NonNull ZoneId timezone) {
     sharedState.implicitTimeZone = timezone;
   }
 
   /**
    * Set the implicit timezone to the provided value.
    * <p>
    * Note: This value should only be adjusted when the context is first created.
    * Once the context is used, this value is expected to be stable.
    *
    * @param offset
    *          the offset which must be &gt;= -PT14H and &lt;= PT13H
    * @throws DateTimeFunctionException
    *           with the code
    *           {@link DateTimeFunctionException#INVALID_TIME_ZONE_VALUE_ERROR} if
    *           the offset is &lt; -PT14H or &gt; PT14H
    */
   public void setImplicitTimeZone(@NonNull IDayTimeDurationItem offset) {
     setImplicitTimeZone(offset.asZoneOffset());
   }
 
   /**
    * Get the current date and time.
    *
    * @return the current date and time
    */
   @NonNull
   public ZonedDateTime getCurrentDateTime() {
     return sharedState.currentDateTime;
   }
 
   /**
    * Get the mapping of loaded documents from the document URI to the document
    * node.
    *
    * @return the map of document URIs to document nodes
    */
   @SuppressWarnings("null")
   @NonNull
   public Map<URI, IDocumentNodeItem> getAvailableDocuments() {
     return Collections.unmodifiableMap(sharedState.availableDocuments);
   }
 
   /**
    * Get the document loader assigned to this dynamic context.
    *
    * @return the loader
    * @throws ContextAbsentDynamicMetapathException
    *           if a document loader is not configured for this dynamic context
    */
   @NonNull
   public IDocumentLoader getDocumentLoader() {
     IDocumentLoader retval = sharedState.documentLoader;
     if (retval == null) {
       throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
           "No document loader configured for the dynamic context. Use setDocumentLoader(loader) to confgure one.");
     }
     return retval;
   }
 
   /**
    * Assign a document loader to this dynamic context.
    *
    * @param documentLoader
    *          the document loader to assign
    */
   public void setDocumentLoader(@NonNull IDocumentLoader documentLoader) {
     this.sharedState.documentLoader = new CachingLoader(documentLoader);
   }
 
   /**
    * Get the cached function call result for evaluating a function that has the
    * property {@link FunctionProperty#DETERMINISTIC}.
    *
    * @param callingContext
    *          the function calling context information that distinguishes the call
    *          from any other call
    * @return the cached result sequence for the function call
    */
   @Nullable
   public ISequence<?> getCachedResult(@NonNull CalledContext callingContext) {
     return sharedState.functionResultCache.get(callingContext);
   }
 
   /**
    * Cache a function call result for a that has the property
    * {@link FunctionProperty#DETERMINISTIC}.
    *
    * @param callingContext
    *          the calling context information that distinguishes the call from any
    *          other call
    * @param result
    *          the function call result
    */
   public void cacheResult(@NonNull CalledContext callingContext, @NonNull ISequence<?> result) {
     ISequence<?> old = sharedState.functionResultCache.put(callingContext, result);
     assert old == null;
   }
 
   /**
    * Used to disable the evaluation of predicate expressions during Metapath
    * evaluation.
    * <p>
    * This can be useful for determining the potential targets identified by a
    * Metapath expression as a partial evaluation, without evaluating that these
    * targets match the predicate.
    *
    * @return this dynamic context
    */
   @NonNull
   public DynamicContext disablePredicateEvaluation() {
     this.sharedState.configuration.disableFeature(MetapathEvaluationFeature.METAPATH_EVALUATE_PREDICATES);
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
    * Used to enable the evaluation of predicate expressions during Metapath
    * evaluation.
    * <p>
    * This is the default behavior if unchanged.
    *
    * @return this dynamic context
    */
   @NonNull
   public DynamicContext enablePredicateEvaluation() {
     this.sharedState.configuration.enableFeature(MetapathEvaluationFeature.METAPATH_EVALUATE_PREDICATES);
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
    * Used to make atomization of node items that have no associated typed value
    * yield a {@code null} atomic value instead of raising
    * {@link dev.metaschema.core.metapath.function.InvalidTypeFunctionException}.
    * <p>
    * Intended for callers that traverse an
    * {@link dev.metaschema.core.metapath.item.node.IModuleNodeItem} graph and want
    * downstream function calls to degrade gracefully when they receive a no-data
    * flag rather than an instance value.
    *
    * @return this dynamic context
    */
   @NonNull
   public DynamicContext enableAtomizeNoDataAsEmpty() {
     this.sharedState.configuration.enableFeature(MetapathEvaluationFeature.METAPATH_ATOMIZE_NO_DATA_AS_EMPTY);
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
    * Used to restore the default behavior of raising
    * {@link dev.metaschema.core.metapath.function.InvalidTypeFunctionException}
    * when a node item that has no typed value is atomized.
    *
    * @return this dynamic context
    */
   @NonNull
   public DynamicContext disableAtomizeNoDataAsEmpty() {
     this.sharedState.configuration.disableFeature(MetapathEvaluationFeature.METAPATH_ATOMIZE_NO_DATA_AS_EMPTY);
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
    * Get the Metapath evaluation configuration.
    *
    * @return the configuration
    */
   @NonNull
   public IConfiguration<MetapathEvaluationFeature<?>> getConfiguration() {
     return sharedState.configuration;
   }
 
   /**
    * Get the sequence value assigned to a let variable with the provided qualified
    * name.
    *
    * @param name
    *          the variable qualified name
    * @return the non-null variable value
    * @throws DynamicMetapathException
    *           of the variable has not been assigned or if the variable value is
    *           {@code null}
    */
   @NonNull
   public ISequence<?> getVariableValue(@NonNull IEnhancedQName name) {
     ISequence<?> retval = letVariableMap.get(name.getIndexPosition());
     if (retval == null) {
       throw new StaticMetapathException(
           StaticMetapathException.NOT_DEFINED,
           String.format("Variable '%s' not defined in the dynamic context.", name))
               .registerEvaluationContext(this);
     }
     return retval;
   }
 
   /**
    * Get the function with the provided name and arity.
    *
    * @param name
    *          the requested function's qualified name
    * @param arity
    *          the number of arguments in the requested function
    * @return the function
    * @throws StaticMetapathException
    *           with the code {@link StaticMetapathException#NO_FUNCTION_MATCH} if
    *           a matching function was not found
    */
   @NonNull
   public IFunction lookupFunction(@NonNull IEnhancedQName name, int arity) {
     return getStaticContext().lookupFunction(name, arity);
   }
 
   /**
    * Bind the variable {@code name} to the sequence {@code value}.
    *
    * @param name
    *          the name of the variable to bind
    * @param boundValue
    *          the value to bind to the variable
    * @return this dynamic context
    */
   @NonNull
   public DynamicContext bindVariableValue(@NonNull IEnhancedQName name, @NonNull ISequence<?> boundValue) {
     letVariableMap.put(name.getIndexPosition(), boundValue);
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
    * Push the current expression under evaluation to the execution queue.
    *
    * @param expression
    *          the expression to push
    */
   public void pushExecutionStack(@NonNull IExpression expression) {
     this.executionStack.push(expression);
   }
 
   /**
    * Pop the expression that was under evaluation from the execution queue.
    *
    * @param expression
    *          the expected expression to be popped
    */
   public void popExecutionStack(@NonNull IExpression expression) {
     IExpression popped = this.executionStack.pop();
     if (!expression.equals(popped)) {
       throw new IllegalStateException("Popped expression does not match expected expression");
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * Return a copy of the current execution stack.
    *
    * @return the execution stack
    */
   @NonNull
   public Deque<IExpression> getExecutionStack() {
     return new ArrayDeque<>(this.executionStack);
   }
 
   /**
    * Provides a formatted stack trace.
    *
    * @return the formatted stack trace
    */
   @NonNull
   public String formatExecutionStackTrace() {
     return ObjectUtils.notNull(getExecutionStack().stream()
         .map(IExpression::toCSTString)
         .collect(Collectors.joining("\n-> ")));
   }
 
   private class CachingLoader implements IDocumentLoader {
     @NonNull
     private final IDocumentLoader proxy;
 
     public CachingLoader(@NonNull IDocumentLoader proxy) {
       this.proxy = proxy;
     }
 
     @Override
     public IUriResolver getUriResolver() {
       return new ContextUriResolver();
     }
 
     @Override
     public void setUriResolver(@NonNull IUriResolver resolver) {
       // we delegate to the document loader proxy, so the resolver should be set there
       throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Set the resolver on the proxy");
     }
 
     @NonNull
     protected IDocumentLoader getProxiedDocumentLoader() {
       return proxy;
     }
 
     @Override
     public IDocumentNodeItem loadAsNodeItem(URI uri) throws IOException {
       URI normalizedUri = uri.normalize();
       try {
         return sharedState.availableDocuments.computeIfAbsent(normalizedUri, key -> {
           try {
             return getProxiedDocumentLoader().loadAsNodeItem(key);
           } catch (IOException e) {
             throw new UncheckedIOException(e);
           }
         });
       } catch (UncheckedIOException e) {
         throw e.getCause();
       }
     }
 
     public class ContextUriResolver implements IUriResolver {
 
       /**
        * {@inheritDoc}
        * <p>
        * This method first resolves the provided URI against the static context's base
        * URI.
        */
       @Override
       public URI resolve(URI uri) {
         URI baseUri = getStaticContext().getBaseUri();
 
         URI resolvedUri;
         if (baseUri == null) {
           resolvedUri = uri;
         } else {
           resolvedUri = ObjectUtils.notNull(baseUri.resolve(uri));
         }
 
         IUriResolver resolver = getProxiedDocumentLoader().getUriResolver();
         return resolver == null ? resolvedUri : resolver.resolve(resolvedUri);
       }
     }
   }
 }