/*
    * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: none
    * SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0
    */
   
   package dev.metaschema.schemagen.json.impl;
   
   import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
   import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.ArrayNode;
  import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.BigIntegerNode;
  import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.BooleanNode;
  import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.DecimalNode;
  import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.DoubleNode;
  import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.IntNode;
  import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.JsonNodeFactory;
  import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.LongNode;
  import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.ObjectNode;
  import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.TextNode;
  
  import java.math.BigDecimal;
  import java.math.BigInteger;
  import java.util.ArrayList;
  import java.util.Collection;
  import java.util.Comparator;
  import java.util.LinkedList;
  import java.util.List;
  import java.util.Set;
  import java.util.stream.Collectors;
  import java.util.stream.Stream;
  
  import dev.metaschema.core.datatype.IDataTypeAdapter;
  import dev.metaschema.core.datatype.markup.MarkupLine;
  import dev.metaschema.core.datatype.markup.MarkupMultiline;
  import dev.metaschema.core.model.IAnyInstance;
  import dev.metaschema.core.model.IChoiceInstance;
  import dev.metaschema.core.model.IContainerModelAbsolute;
  import dev.metaschema.core.model.IFlagInstance;
  import dev.metaschema.core.model.IModelDefinition;
  import dev.metaschema.core.model.IModelElement;
  import dev.metaschema.core.model.INamedModelElement;
  import dev.metaschema.core.model.IValuedDefinition;
  import dev.metaschema.core.model.IValuedInstance;
  import dev.metaschema.core.qname.IEnhancedQName;
  import dev.metaschema.core.util.CollectionUtil;
  import dev.metaschema.core.util.ObjectUtils;
  import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.annotations.NonNull;
  import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.annotations.Nullable;
  
  /**
   * Provides utility methods for generating JSON Schema elements from Metaschema
   * model components.
   * <p>
   * This class contains helper methods for generating titles, descriptions,
   * defaults, properties, and handling choice combinations in JSON Schema output.
   */
  public final class JsonSchemaHelper {
    /**
     * Supports comparison of named properties by their property name.
     */
    public static final Comparator<IJsonSchemaPropertyNamed> INSTANCE_NAME_COMPARATOR
        = Comparator.comparing(IJsonSchemaPropertyNamed::getName);
    /**
     * Supports comparison of JSON schema definitions by their definition name.
     */
    public static final Comparator<IJsonSchemaDefinable> DEFINABLE_NAME_COMPARATOR
        = Comparator.comparing(IJsonSchemaDefinable::getDefinitionName);
  
    /**
     * Generates a title property in the JSON Schema from the element's formal name.
     *
     * @param named
     *          the named model element to extract the title from
     * @param obj
     *          the object node to add the title property to
     */
    public static void generateTitle(
        @NonNull INamedModelElement named,
        @NonNull ObjectNode obj) {
      String formalName = named.getEffectiveFormalName();
      if (formalName != null) {
        obj.put("title", formalName);
      }
    }
  
    /**
     * Generates a description property in the JSON Schema from the element's
     * description and remarks.
     *
     * @param <NAMED>
     *          the type of the named model element
     * @param named
     *          the named model element to extract the description from
     * @param obj
     *          the object node to add the description property to
     */
    public static <NAMED extends INamedModelElement & IModelElement> void generateDescription(
        @NonNull NAMED named,
        @NonNull ObjectNode obj) {
      MarkupLine description = named.getEffectiveDescription();
 
     StringBuilder retval = null;
     if (description != null) {
       retval = new StringBuilder().append(description.toMarkdown());
     }
 
     MarkupMultiline remarks = named.getRemarks();
     if (remarks != null) {
       if (retval == null) {
         retval = new StringBuilder();
       } else {
         retval.append("\n\n");
       }
       retval.append(remarks.toMarkdown());
     }
     if (retval != null) {
       obj.put("description", retval.toString());
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * Generates a default property in the JSON Schema from the instance's default
    * value.
    *
    * @param instance
    *          the valued instance to extract the default from
    * @param obj
    *          the object node to add the default property to
    */
   public static void generateDefault(
       @NonNull IValuedInstance instance,
       @NonNull ObjectNode obj) {
     Object defaultValue = instance.getEffectiveDefaultValue();
     if (defaultValue != null) {
       IValuedDefinition definition = instance.getDefinition();
       IDataTypeAdapter<?> adapter = definition.getJavaTypeAdapter();
       obj.set("default", toJsonValue(defaultValue, adapter));
     }
   }
 
   private static JsonNode toJsonValue(
       @Nullable Object defaultValue,
       @NonNull IDataTypeAdapter<?> adapter) {
     JsonNode retval = null; // use default conversion by default
     switch (adapter.getJsonRawType()) {
     case BOOLEAN:
       if (defaultValue instanceof Boolean) {
         retval = BooleanNode.valueOf((Boolean) defaultValue);
       } // else use default conversion
       break;
     case INTEGER:
       if (defaultValue instanceof BigInteger) {
         retval = BigIntegerNode.valueOf((BigInteger) defaultValue);
       } else if (defaultValue instanceof Integer) {
         retval = IntNode.valueOf((Integer) defaultValue);
       } else if (defaultValue instanceof Long) {
         retval = LongNode.valueOf((Long) defaultValue);
       } // else use default conversion
       break;
     case NUMBER:
       if (defaultValue instanceof BigDecimal) {
         retval = DecimalNode.valueOf((BigDecimal) defaultValue);
       } else if (defaultValue instanceof Double) {
         retval = DoubleNode.valueOf((Double) defaultValue);
       } // else use default conversion
       break;
     case ANY:
     case ARRAY:
     case OBJECT:
     case NULL:
       throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Invalid type: " + adapter.getClass());
     case STRING:
       // use default conversion
       break;
     }
 
     if (retval == null && defaultValue != null) {
       retval = TextNode.valueOf(adapter.asString(defaultValue));
     }
     return retval;
   }
 
   /**
    * Generate a JSON pointer expression that points to the provided JSON schema
    * definition for use as a schema reference.
    *
    * @param schema
    *          the JSON schema definition to generate the pointer for
    * @return the JSON pointer
    */
   @NonNull
   public static String generateDefinitionJsonPointer(@NonNull IJsonSchemaDefinable schema) {
     return ObjectUtils.notNull(new StringBuilder()
         .append("#/definitions/")
         .append(schema.getDefinitionName())
         .toString());
   }
 
   /**
    * Generates properties and required array for a JSON Schema object type.
    *
    * @param properties
    *          the collection of properties to generate
    * @param node
    *          the object node to add the properties and required array to
    * @param state
    *          the JSON generation state
    */
   public static void generateProperties(
       @NonNull Collection<IJsonSchemaPropertyNamed> properties,
       @NonNull ObjectNode node,
       @NonNull IJsonGenerationState state) {
 
     if (!properties.isEmpty()) {
       ObjectNode propertiesNode = node.putObject("properties");
 
       List<String> required = new LinkedList<>();
       properties.forEach(property -> {
         ObjectNode propertyNode = ObjectUtils.notNull(state.getJsonNodeFactory().objectNode());
         property.generate(propertyNode, state);
 
         String name = property.getName();
         propertiesNode.set(name, propertyNode);
 
         if (property.isRequired()) {
           required.add(name);
         }
       });
 
       if (!required.isEmpty()) {
         ArrayNode requiredNode = node.putArray("required");
         required.forEach(requiredNode::add);
       }
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * Builds a list of flag property schemas for the given definition.
    * <p>
    * Flags used as JSON keys are excluded from the returned list.
    *
    * @param definition
    *          the model definition containing the flags
    * @param jsonKeyFlagName
    *          the name of the flag used as JSON key, or {@code null} if none
    * @param state
    *          the JSON generation state
    * @return a list of flag property schemas, excluding the JSON key flag
    * @throws IllegalArgumentException
    *           if the specified JSON key flag name does not exist on the
    *           definition
    */
   @NonNull
   public static List<IJsonSchemaPropertyFlag> buildFlagProperties(
       @NonNull IModelDefinition definition,
       @Nullable IEnhancedQName jsonKeyFlagName,
       @NonNull IJsonGenerationState state) {
 
     Stream<? extends IFlagInstance> flagStream = definition.getFlagInstances().stream();
 
     // determine the flag instances to generate
     if (jsonKeyFlagName != null) {
       IFlagInstance jsonKeyFlag = definition.getFlagInstanceByName(jsonKeyFlagName.getIndexPosition());
       if (jsonKeyFlag == null) {
         throw new IllegalArgumentException(
             String.format("The referenced json-key flag-name '%s' does not exist on definition '%s'.",
                 jsonKeyFlagName,
                 definition.getName()));
       }
       flagStream = flagStream.filter(instance -> !jsonKeyFlag.equals(instance));
     }
 
     return ObjectUtils.notNull(flagStream
         .map(instance -> state.getJsonSchemaPropertyFlag(ObjectUtils.requireNonNull(instance)))
         .collect(Collectors.toUnmodifiableList()));
   }
 
   /**
    * Builds a list of model property schemas for the given container definition.
    * <p>
    * Choice instances and any instances are excluded from the returned list as
    * they are handled separately.
    *
    * @param definition
    *          the container model definition containing the model instances
    * @param state
    *          the JSON generation state
    * @return a list of model property schemas, excluding choice and any instances
    */
   @NonNull
   public static List<IJsonSchemaPropertyNamed> buildModelProperties(
       @NonNull IContainerModelAbsolute definition,
       @NonNull IJsonGenerationState state) {
     return ObjectUtils.notNull(definition.getModelInstances().stream()
         // filter out choice and any instances, which will be handled separately
         .filter(instance -> !(instance instanceof IChoiceInstance))
         .filter(instance -> !(instance instanceof IAnyInstance))
         .map(instance -> state.getJsonSchemaPropertyModel(ObjectUtils.notNull(instance)))
         .collect(Collectors.toUnmodifiableList()));
   }
 
   /**
    * Generates the body of a JSON Schema for a field definition.
    * <p>
    * For simple fields without non-value properties, generates a direct value
    * reference. For complex fields with flags, generates an object type with
    * properties.
    *
    * @param field
    *          the field definition schema to generate body for
    * @param node
    *          the object node to add the schema to
    * @param state
    *          the JSON generation state
    */
   public static void generateFieldBody(
       @NonNull IJsonSchemaDefinitionField field,
       @NonNull ObjectNode node,
       @NonNull IJsonGenerationState state) {
     if (field.getNonValueProperties().isEmpty()) {
       // simple case
       field.getFieldValue().generateJsonSchemaOrDefinitionRef(node, state);
     } else {
       generateComplexFieldBody(field, node, state);
     }
   }
 
   private static void generateComplexFieldBody(
       @NonNull IJsonSchemaDefinitionField field,
       @NonNull ObjectNode node,
       @NonNull IJsonGenerationState state) {
     List<? extends IJsonSchemaPropertyNamed> nonValueProperties = field.getNonValueProperties();
     node.put("type", "object");
 
     IFlagInstance jsonValueKeyFlag = field.getDefinition().getJsonValueKeyFlagInstance();
 
     Stream<? extends IJsonSchemaPropertyNamed> propertiesStream = nonValueProperties.stream();
 
     if (jsonValueKeyFlag == null) {
       // make room for the value
       propertiesStream = Stream.concat(propertiesStream, Stream.of(new FieldValueProperty(field)));
     } else {
       propertiesStream = propertiesStream.filter(property -> !(property instanceof IJsonSchemaPropertyFlag)
           || !jsonValueKeyFlag.equals(((IJsonSchemaPropertyFlag) property).getInstance()));
     }
 
     List<IJsonSchemaPropertyNamed> properties = ObjectUtils.notNull(propertiesStream
         .sorted(INSTANCE_NAME_COMPARATOR)
         .collect(Collectors.toUnmodifiableList()));
     generateProperties(
         properties,
         node,
         state);
 
     if (jsonValueKeyFlag == null) {
       node.put("additionalProperties", false);
     } else {
       ObjectNode additionalPropertiesTypeNode;
 
       additionalPropertiesTypeNode = ObjectUtils.notNull(JsonNodeFactory.instance.objectNode());
       // the type of the additional properties must be the datatype of the field value
       field.getFieldValue().generateJsonSchemaOrDefinitionRef(additionalPropertiesTypeNode, state);
 
       ObjectNode additionalPropertiesNode = ObjectUtils.notNull(JsonNodeFactory.instance.objectNode());
       ArrayNode allOf = additionalPropertiesNode.putArray("allOf");
       allOf.add(additionalPropertiesTypeNode);
       allOf.addObject()
           .put(
               "minProperties",
               // increment by one to allow for the value key
               properties.stream()
                   .filter(IJsonSchemaPropertyNamed::isRequired)
                   .count() + 1)
           .put("maxProperties", properties.size() + 1);
 
       node.set("additionalProperties", additionalPropertiesNode);
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * Generates the body of a JSON Schema for an assembly definition.
    * <p>
    * Handles choice combinations by generating either a single object type or an
    * anyOf array when multiple choice combinations exist.
    *
    * @param assembly
    *          the assembly definition schema to generate body for
    * @param node
    *          the object node to add the schema to
    * @param state
    *          the JSON generation state
    */
   public static void generateAssemblyBody(
       @NonNull IJsonSchemaDefinitionAssembly assembly,
       @NonNull ObjectNode node,
       @NonNull IJsonGenerationState state) {
     node.put("type", "object");
 
     // when an any instance is present, additional properties are allowed
     boolean hasAny = assembly.getDefinition().getAnyInstance() != null;
 
     List<JsonSchemaHelper.Choice> availableChoices = assembly.getChoices();
 
     if (availableChoices.size() == 1) {
       generateProperties(
           availableChoices.iterator().next().getCombinations(),
           node,
           state);
       node.put("additionalProperties", hasAny);
     } else if (availableChoices.size() > 1) {
       ArrayNode oneOf = node.putArray("anyOf");
       availableChoices.forEach(choice -> {
         ObjectNode schemaNode = ObjectUtils.notNull(oneOf.addObject());
 
         generateProperties(
             choice.getCombinations(),
             schemaNode,
             state);
         schemaNode.put("additionalProperties", hasAny);
       });
     }
   }
 
   private static class FieldValueProperty implements IJsonSchemaPropertyNamed {
     private final IJsonSchemaDefinitionField field;
 
     public FieldValueProperty(IJsonSchemaDefinitionField field) {
       this.field = field;
     }
 
     @Override
     public String getName() {
       return field.getDefinition().getEffectiveJsonValueKeyName();
     }
 
     @Override
     public Stream<IJsonSchemaDefinable> collectDefinitions(
         Set<IJsonSchemaDefinitionAssembly> visited,
         IJsonGenerationState state) {
       return ObjectUtils.notNull(Stream.empty());
     }
 
     @Override
     public void generate(ObjectNode node, IJsonGenerationState state) {
       field.getFieldValue().generateJsonSchemaOrDefinitionRef(node, state);
     }
 
     @Override
     public boolean isRequired() {
       return true;
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * Expands a base choice into all possible combinations with choice instances.
    * <p>
    * Creates a Cartesian product of the base choice with all options from the
    * provided choice instances.
    *
    * @param baseChoice
    *          the base choice to expand
    * @param choiceInstances
    *          the choice instances to combine with
    * @param state
    *          the JSON generation state
    * @return a stream of all possible choice combinations
    */
   @NonNull
   public static Stream<Choice> explodeChoices(
       @NonNull Choice baseChoice,
       @NonNull List<? extends IChoiceInstance> choiceInstances,
       @NonNull IJsonGenerationState state) {
     Stream<Choice> retval = Stream.of(baseChoice);
     for (IChoiceInstance choice : choiceInstances) {
       List<IJsonSchemaPropertyNamed> newChoices = buildModelProperties(ObjectUtils.notNull(choice), state);
       retval = retval.flatMap(oldChoice -> oldChoice.explode(newChoices));
     }
     return ObjectUtils.notNull(retval);
   }
 
   /**
    * Represents a single combination of properties in a choice group.
    * <p>
    * Choice objects are used to track different valid combinations of properties
    * when generating JSON Schema for assemblies with choice elements.
    */
   public static final class Choice {
     @NonNull
     private final List<IJsonSchemaPropertyNamed> combinations;
 
     /**
      * Constructs a new choice with the specified property combinations.
      *
      * @param combinations
      *          the list of properties in this choice combination
      */
     public Choice(@NonNull List<IJsonSchemaPropertyNamed> combinations) {
       this.combinations = combinations;
     }
 
     /**
      * Retrieves the properties in this choice combination.
      *
      * @return the list of property schemas
      */
     @NonNull
     public List<IJsonSchemaPropertyNamed> getCombinations() {
       return combinations;
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates new choice combinations by adding each new choice to this choice.
      * <p>
      * If newChoices is empty, returns a stream containing only this choice.
      *
      * @param newChoices
      *          the new property options to combine with this choice
      * @return a stream of new choices, each containing this choice's properties
      *         plus one new property
      */
     @NonNull
     public Stream<Choice> explode(@NonNull List<IJsonSchemaPropertyNamed> newChoices) {
       return ObjectUtils.notNull(newChoices.isEmpty()
           ? Stream.of(this)
           : newChoices.stream()
               .map(next -> {
                 List<IJsonSchemaPropertyNamed> retval = new ArrayList<>(combinations.size() + 1);
                 retval.addAll(combinations);
                 retval.add(next);
                 return new Choice(CollectionUtil.unmodifiableList(retval));
               }));
     }
   }
 
   private JsonSchemaHelper() {
     // disable construction
   }
 }